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In a story : Mon grand-père était très fatigué. I.e : Quand j'étais petit, j'ai voyagé en Allemagne. Plus-que-parfait : to express the past compared to a past event. → roughly, but not completely, comparable to "have/has + verb" (i.e "have been.) (now you have them, it has a link to the present) (the sense is roughly the same as above, but here, the action and experience of living there is more importance that the state of having been there) I.e : Quand j'étais jeune, j'ai habité trois ans à Lyon. It the past tense we use the more commonly, especially while speaking. It can also be used for something you have just done that has a link to the present, or simply something you did in a recent past. Here the emphasis is not so much put on describing, but rather on talking about an experience. Passé composé : to speak, in the present, of an action you have done in the future. → quite similar to "was/were + -ing" (description) but also used for "I would + verb" or "I used to + vb" (old habit that lasted) (an action that lasted)Īvant, je faisais du karaté tous les samedi. I.e : Quand j'étais jeune, j'habitais à Lyon. In primary school, French pupils are taught that it is the "temps de la description". (He had just had lunch when I arrived.Imparfait : to describe a past action that lasted over time or a repetitive action in the past. Il venait de déjeuner quand je suis arrivée. Note that Recent past constructions, when used in the imperfect, have the meaning of a pluperfect: See Si constructions for more information. (I would not have come if I had known he was ill.) Je ne serais pas venue si j’avais su qu’il était malade. The plus-que-parfait is also commonly used in si clauses, with the past conditional: Sometimes the action the plus-que-parfait precedes will not be explicit, but will be implied in the sentence:Įlle avait déjà pensé à cela. (The children ate all the cookies that their father had bought.) Les enfants ont mangé tous les gâteaux que leur père avait achetés. (When I got home, I had already heard the bad news.) Quand je suis rentré, j’avais déjà appris la mauvaise nouvelle. Frequently its use will be signaled by adverbs (such as déjà) which can heighten the sense of opposition between actions: The plus-que-parfait is used when the speaker needs to position one action with respect to another. In both sentences certain actions precede others however, only the second sentence seeks to emphasize the precedence of one action. (The alarm rang, I got up, and I had breakfast.) Compare these two sentences:ġ) Le réveil a sonné, je me suis levé, et j’ai pris mon déjeuner. However, the plus-que-parfait is not always used when one action precedes another for example, a list of actions in chronological order may well be put in the passé composé alone. The term “ plus-que-parfait” suggests “more in the past than the perfect.” The tense is used to indicate actions which took place before another action in the past, which is usually (though not always) described in the perfect ( passé composé). (See Past participle agreement for rules on agreement.) Use
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(I bought the book that Corinne had recommended to me.) J’ai acheté le roman que Corinne m’avait recommandé. (She had already left when Philippe arrived.)
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(He had always wanted to travel in Africa.)Įlle était déjà partie quand Philippe est arrivé. Il avait toujours voulu voyager en Afrique.
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The plus-que-parfait is a compound tense formed with the imperfect tense of the auxiliary ( avoir or être, see Auxiliaries) and the past participle: Back to INDEX Pluperfect (plus-que-parfait) Formation